Water poppy (Hydrocleys nymphoides)
Water poppy is a perennial aquatic plant, found in still to slow moving water bodies up to 1 metre deep. It can form dense infestations that choke waterways.
Profile
How does this weed affect you?
Water poppy can form dense infestations that choke waterways, impacting native fauna and flora. Heavy infestations can decrease the recreational value of waterways and worsen flooding.
What does it look like?
Water poppy is a perennial water plant. Leaves and roots grow from nodes along the stem. Stems can be up to several metres long.
Leaves:
- dark green and shiny
- up to 12 cm across
- heart-shaped to round
- either float on the water surface or emerge up to 40 cm above the water.
Flowers:
- have 3 petals
- yellow and poppy-like
- with a brownish-to-purple centre
- are 5-8 cm wide
- protrude above the water surface on stalks up to 30 cm long
- occur throughout summer.
Fruit:
- a capsule
- 15 mm long with a beak.
Seeds:
- are small (1 mm)
- horseshoe-shaped.
Where is it found?
Water poppy is native to Central and South America, and was introduced to Australia as an ornamental pond plant. It has become naturalised in parts of Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Fiji, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, and several states in the south of the United States of America.
In New South Wales water poppy has naturalised at Coffs Harbour, the Central Coast, Albury and in the Port Hacking river in Sutherland shire. These infestations have been eradicated or are under control programs.
Maps and records
- Recorded presence of Water poppy during property inspections (Map: Biosecurity Information System - Weeds, 2017-2021)
These records are made by authorised officers during property inspections under the Biosecurity Act 2015. Officers record the presence of priority weeds in their council area and provide this to the NSW Department of Primary Industries. Records reflect the presence of the weed on the date of inspection.
How does it spread?
Water poppy spreads via stolons that take root in the soil at the nodes, and by the production of new plantlets that form and break away from the main plant.
What type of environment does it grow in?
Water poppy is mainly found in still to slow moving water bodies up to 1 metre deep. It grows best in full sun and in nutrient rich waterways but can tolerate cooler climates.
Acknowledgements
Author: Charlie Mifsud
Technical review: Rod Ensbey
References
Buhle Mthembu October 2011. Hydrocleys nymphoides weed alert South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)
PlantNET (The NSW Plant Information Network System). Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney. Retrieved 2021 from: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Hydrocleys~nymphoides
Sainty, G.R and Jacobs, S.W.L (1981). Water plants of New South Wales. Water Resources Commission of New South Wales.
New Zealand Weed Busters (nd). Water Poppy (Hydrocleys nymphoides) Weedbusters fact sheet. www.weedbusters.org.nz
More information
Control
Herbicide options
WARNING - ALWAYS READ THE LABEL
Users of agricultural or veterinary chemical products must always read the label and any permit, before using the product, and strictly comply with the directions on the label and the conditions of any permit. Users are not absolved from compliance with the directions on the label or the conditions of the permit by reason of any statement made or not made in this information. To view permits or product labels go to the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority website www.apvma.gov.au
Users of agricultural or veterinary chemical products must always read the label and any permit, before using the product, and strictly comply with the directions on the label and the conditions of any permit. Users are not absolved from compliance with the directions on the label or the conditions of the permit by reason of any statement made or not made in this information. To view permits or product labels go to the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority website www.apvma.gov.au
See Using herbicides for more information.
PERMIT 9907 Expires 31/03/2025
Glyphosate 360 g/L
(Only products registered for aquatic use)
Rate: One part product to 50 parts water
Comments: Spot spray
Withholding period: Nil.
Herbicide group: M, Inhibitors of EPSP synthase
Resistance risk: Moderate
PERMIT 9907 Expires 31/03/2025
Glyphosate 360 g/L
(Only products registered for aquatic use)
Rate: One part product to 9 parts water
Comments: Splatter gun
Withholding period: Nil.
Herbicide group: M, Inhibitors of EPSP synthase
Resistance risk: Moderate
Flumioxazin 15 grams /tablet
(Clipper herbicide®)
Rate: 1 tablet for every 37.5 cubic metres of water to achieve 400 parts per billion.
Comments: For use on dense or established weed populations in enclosed water bodies, deeper than 0.5 m and larger than 37.5 cubic metres, or margins of larger, still water bodies. Throw tablets directly into the water to achieve uniform distribution of the herbicide. Alternatively, if weeds grow in clusters, concentrate the tablet application on the densest areas. See label for restrictions.
Withholding period: 14 days before using treated water to irrigate food crops. See label for withholding periods for other uses of treated water.
Herbicide group: G, Inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOs)
Resistance risk: Moderate
Flumioxazin 15 grams /tablet
(Clipper herbicide®)
Rate: 1 tablet for every 75 cubic metres of water to achieve 200 parts per billion.
Comments: For use on low density, establishing or re-establishing weeds in enclosed water bodies, deeper than 0.5 m and larger than 37.5 cubic metres, or margins of larger, still water bodies. Throw tablets directly into the water to achieve uniform distribution of the herbicide. Alternatively, if weeds grow in clusters, concentrate the tablet application on the densest areas. See label for restrictions.
Withholding period: 14 days before using treated water to irrigate food crops. See label for withholding periods for other uses of treated water.
Herbicide group: G, Inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOs)
Resistance risk: Moderate
Flumioxazin 15 grams /tablet
(Clipper herbicide®)
Rate: Inject solution into water body. 1 tablet per 37.5 cubic metres. Each tablet dissolved in at least 20 L of water + 0.5-1.0% adjuvant/surfactant
Comments: For use on dense or established weeds in water bodies less than 0.5 m deep or with a volume less than 37.5 cubic metres. Dissolve tablets in water (at least 20 L per tablet) mix thoroughly and then inject the solution directly into the water body.
Withholding period: 14 days before using treated water to irrigate food crops. See label for withholding periods for other uses of treated water.
Herbicide group: G, Inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOs)
Resistance risk: Moderate
Flumioxazin 15 grams /tablet
(Clipper herbicide®)
Rate: Inject solution into water body. 1 tablet per 75 cubic metres. Each tablet dissolved in at least 20 L of water + 0.5 - 1.0% adjuvant/surfactant
Comments: For use on on low density, establishing or re-establishing weeds in water bodies less than 0.5 m deep or with a volume less than 37.5 cubic metres. Dissolve tablets in water (at least 20 L per tablet) and additives in a spray tank, mix thoroughly and then inject the solution directly into the water body. See label for restrictions.
Withholding period: 14 days before using treated water to irrigate food crops. See label for withholding periods for other uses of treated water.
Herbicide group: G, Inhibitors of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOs)
Resistance risk: Moderate
Biosecurity duty
The content provided here is for information purposes only and is taken from the Biosecurity Act 2015 and its subordinate legislation, and the Regional Strategic Weed Management Plans (published by each Local Land Services region in NSW). It describes the state and regional priorities for weeds in New South Wales, Australia.
| Area | Duty |
|---|---|
| All of NSW | General Biosecurity Duty All plants are regulated with a general biosecurity duty to prevent, eliminate or minimise any biosecurity risk they may pose. Any person who deals with any plant, who knows (or ought to know) of any biosecurity risk, has a duty to ensure the risk is prevented, eliminated or minimised, so far as is reasonably practicable. |
|
Greater Sydney
Exclusion zone: All lands and waters in the region except for the core infestation area of the Hacking River catchment. |
Regional Recommended Measure*
Whole region:The plant should not be bought, sold, grown, carried or released into the environment. Exclusion zone: The plant should be eradicated from the land and the land kept free of the plant. Notify Local Control Authority if found. Core infestation: Land managers should mitigate the risk of new weeds being introduced to their land. Land managers should mitigate spread from their land. |
| Murray |
Regional Recommended Measure*
Land managers should mitigate the risk of new weeds being introduced to their land. The plant should not be bought, sold, grown, carried or released into the environment. Notify local control authority if found. |
| Riverina |
Regional Recommended Measure*
Land managers should mitigate the risk of the plant being introduced to their land. Land managers should mitigate spread from their land. Notify local control authority if found. |
| *To see the Regional Strategic Weeds Management Plans containing demonstrated outcomes that fulfil the general biosecurity duty for this weed click here |
For technical advice and assistance with identification please contact your local council weeds officer.
For further information call the NSW DPI Biosecurity Helpline on 1800 680 244 or send an email to weeds@dpi.nsw.gov.au
For further information call the NSW DPI Biosecurity Helpline on 1800 680 244 or send an email to weeds@dpi.nsw.gov.au
Reviewed 2021
